(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
As Asian Currencies Lose Value, Can Governments Avoid a Crisis
Many of Asia's currencies are losing value against the United States dollar this year.
But experts say governments are managing the losses better than they did in the past.
The currencies of China, India, Indonesia and Myanmar all have lost value since January of 2018. The Indian rupee was at a record low against the U.S. dollar in June. And the Chinese yuan lost 3.2 percent in the first half of the year.
Economists say there are many reasons for this, including possible contagion from financial problems in Turkey. They also say investors are worried about the effects of the trade dispute between the United States and China.
Next week, China will face additional U.S. tariffs on $16 billion-worth of Chinese products.
Song Seng Wun is an economist with investment bank CIMB in Singapore. He said, "It's just basically that everything we've worried about now and then sort of converged."
Why are Asian currencies losing value?
Experts say there is no single reason currency exchange values are lower in Asia. Rising oil prices may have affected the Indian rupee for example. Myanmar has had large growth in imported products.
In Vietnam, Bao Viet Securities, a financial business, said Vietnam's currency has lost value because the value of the currencies of neighboring countries have gone down.
But it is the fall of Turkey's lira and the possibility that it could bring down other currencies that has caused problems in Asian currency markets, Song said.
The continuing trade dispute between the U.S. and China is another reason for the currency problems.
Some media reports have said that the U.S.-China trade war has caused investors in India to move away from local stocks and similar assets.
Maxfield Brown is an expert with the business services company Dezan Shira & Associates. He spoke about the exchange value of Vietnam's currency.
"I think there's a number of reasons why it could be going down," he said.
Brown said Vietnamese officials are frightened about recent U.S. and Chinese actions and everyone is being cautious.
Learning from mistakes in the past
Financial officials of some Asian governments have answered market uncertainty by raising interest rates. Raising rates usually increases the exchange value of a currency.
Indonesia has raised important interest rates four times in three months. India and the Philippines have also raised rates.
Asian countries are keeping more foreign currency in their banks and trying to lessen national debts, said Marie Diron. She is a director of Moody's Investor Services in Singapore.
She said actions like raising rates help to control falls in currency values.
In Vietnam, government officials learned from bad currency decisions in the past and now their answers are "measured," Brown said.
The French investment bank Narixis said Friday that China will likely take measures to support the economy. These actions should also help calm international financial markets.
Most economists agree this is not a time of crisis. Asian currency falls are not a threat to the world's economy, Song said.
I'm Susan Shand.
重点解析
重点讲解：
1. now and then 时而；有时；
Now and then they heard the roar of a heavy truck.
他们不时地听到大卡车的轰鸣声。
2. go down （价格、水平或数量）下降，下跌；
Crime has gone down 70 percent.
犯罪率下降了70%。
3. a number of 若干；许多；
This equipment has saved the lives of a number of new born children.
这套设备已经挽救了许多新生儿的生命。
4. learn from （从…中）吸取（教训）；
I am convinced that he has learned from his mistakes.
我深信他已从错误中吸取了教训。
参考译文
亚洲国家货币贬值 政府能否避免危机
今年许多亚洲货币兑美元贬值。
但是专家认为，各国政府在管控货币贬值方面的表现比之前要好。
自2018年1月以来，中国、印度、印度尼西亚以及缅甸的货币均出现贬值。今年6月，印度卢比兑美元汇率创下历史新低。今年上半年，中国人民币汇率贬值3.2%。
经济学家表示，造成这种情况的原因有很多，包括土耳其的经济问题可能进一步蔓延。他们还表示，投资者对中美贸易纠纷的影响感到担心。
下周，美国将对中国价值160亿美元的产品加征关税。
宋诚焕是新加坡投资银行联昌国际银行的经济学家。他表示：“基本上来说，我们时常感到担心的所有问题聚到了一起。”
亚洲货币为什么会贬值？
专家表示，亚洲货币汇率贬值并不是由单一原因造成的。举例来说，石油价格不断上涨可能对印度卢比造成了影响。缅甸则是由于产品进口量大幅增长。
越南金融公司保越证券表示，越南货币贬值是因为邻国货币贬值。
但是宋诚焕认为，土耳其里拉的贬值以及其可能拖累其他货币是导致亚洲货币市场出现问题的原因。
美国和中国之间持续不断的贸易争端是引发货币问题的另一个原因。
一些媒体报道称，中美贸易战导致印度投资者抛弃本地股票和类似资产。
麦克斯菲尔德·布朗是商业服务公司协力管理咨询有限公司的专家。他谈到了越南货币的汇率。
他说，“我认为越南货币贬值有很多原因。”
布朗表示，越南官员对中美近期的举动感到担心，所有人都非常谨慎。
从过去的错误中吸取经验
一些亚洲政府的金融官员通过上调利率来应对市场的不确定性。上调利率通常会提升货币的汇率。
印尼在3个月内4次上调重要利率。印度和菲律宾同样上调了利率。
玛丽·迪隆表示，亚洲国家正在增加本国银行的外汇储备，并试图减轻国家债务。迪隆是穆迪投资者服务公司驻新加坡负责人。
她说，上调利率等举措有助于控制汇率下跌。
布朗表示，越南政府官员从过去糟糕的货币决策中吸取了教训，现在他们采用的是“有节制的”应对方法。
法国投资银行法国外贸银行周五表示，中国很可能会采取措施支持经济。这些举措应该也有助于稳定国际金融市场。
大多数经济学家认同现在不是危机时刻这一说法。宋诚焕说，亚洲货币贬值不会对世界经济构成威胁。
苏珊·尚德报道。
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