(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
I'm Shirley Griffith. And I'm Doug Johnson with People in America, a program about people who are important in the history of the United States. Today we present the second part of the story of Ernest Hemingway's life and writings. At twenty-five, Hemingway was living in Paris. He was a famous writer. But the end of his first marriage made him want to leave the place where he had first become famous. Years later he said: "The city was never to be the same again. When I returned to it, I found it had changed as I had changed. Paris was never the same as when I was poor and very happy."
Hemingway and his new wife returned to the United States in nineteen twenty-eight. They settled in Key West, an island with a fishing port near the southern coast of Florida. Before leaving Paris, Hemingway sent a collection of his stories to New York to be published. The book of stories, called "Men Without Women," was published soon after Hemingway arrived in Key West. One of the stories was called "The Killers." In it, Hemingway used a discussion between two men to create a feeling of tension and coming violence. This was a new method of telling a story Nick opened the door and went into the room. Ole Andreson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. He had been a heavyweight prizefighter and he was too long for the bed. He lay with his head on two pillows. He did not look at Nick.
"What was it?" he asked.
"I was up at Henry's," Nick said, "and two fellows came in and tied me up and the cook, and they said they were going to kill you."
It sounded silly when he said it. Ole Andreson said nothing.
"They put us out in the kitchen," Nick went on. "They were going to shoot you when you came in to supper."
Ole Andreson looked at the wall and did not say anything.
"George thought I ought to come and tell you about it."
"There isn't anything I can do about it," Ole Andreson said.
Any new book by Hemingway was an important event for readers. But stories like "The Killers" shocked many people. Some thought there was too much violence in his stories. Others said he only wrote about gunmen, soldiers, fighters and drinkers. This kind of criticism made Hemingway angry. He felt that writers should not be judged by those who could not write a story. Hemingway was happy in Key West. In the morning he wrote, in the afternoon he fished, and at night he went to a public house and drank. One old fisherman said: "Hemingway was a man who talked slowly and very carefully. He asked a lot of questions. And he always wanted to get his information exactly right."
Hemingway and his wife Pauline had a child in Key West. Soon afterward he heard that his father had killed himself. Hemingway was shocked. He said: "My father taught me so much. He was the only one I really cared about." When Hemingway returned to work there was a sadness about his writing that was not there before. His new book told about an American soldier who served with the Italian army during World War One. He meets an English nurse and they fall in love. They flee from the army, but she dies during childbirth. Some of the events are taken from Hemingway's service in Italy. The book is called "A Farewell to Arms."
Part of the book talks about the defeat of the Italian army at a place called Caporetto.
"At noon we were stuck in a muddy road about as nearly as we could figure, ten kilometres from Udine. The rain had stopped during the forenoon and three times we had heard planes coming, seen them pass overhead, watched them go far to the left and heard them bombing on the main highroad. . . . "Later we were on a road that led to a river. There was a long line of abandoned trucks and carts on a road leading up to a bridge. No one was in sight. The river was high and the bridge had been blown up in the center; the stone arch was fallen into the river and the brown water was going over it. We went up the bank looking for a place to cross. . . . We did not see any troops; only abandoned trucks and stores. Along the river bank was nothing and no one but the wet brush and muddy ground."
"A Farewell to Arms" was very successful. It earned Hemingway a great deal of money. And it permitted him to travel. One place he visited was Spain, a country that he loved. He said: "I want to paint with words all the sights and sounds and smells of Spain. And if I can write any of it down truly, then it will represent all of Spain." A book called "Death in the Afternoon" was the result. It describes the Spanish tradition of bull fighting. Hemingway believed that bull fighting was an art, just as much as writing was an art. And he believed it was a true test of a man's bravery, something that always concerned him. Hemingway also traveled to Africa. He had been asked to write a series of reports about African hunting. He said: "Hunting in Africa is the kind of hunting I like. No riding in cars, just simple walking and feeling the grass under my feet."
The trip to Africa resulted in a book called "The Green Hills of Africa" and a number of stories. One story is among Hemingway's best. He said a writer saves some stories to write when he knows enough to write them well. The story is called "The Snows of Kilimanjaro." It tells of Hemingway's fears about himself. It is about a writer who betrays his art for money and is unable to remain true to himself. In nineteen thirty-six, the Civil War in Spain gave him a chance to return to Spain and test his bravery again. He agreed to write about the war for an American news organization. It was a dangerous job. One day, Hemingway and two other reporters were driving a car near a battlefield. The car carried two white flags. But rebel gunners thought the car was carrying enemy officers. Hemingway was almost killed. He said: "Shells are all the same. If they do not hit you, there is no story. If they do hit you, then you do not have to write it."
The trip to Spain resulted in two works, a play called "The Fifth Column" and the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls." The novel tells the story of an American who has chosen to fight against the fascists. He realizes that there are lies and injustice on his side, as well as the other. But he sees no hope except the victory of his side. During the fighting, he escapes his fear of death and of being alone. He finds that "he can live as full a life in seventy hours as in seventy years." The book was a great success. Hemingway enjoyed being famous. His second marriage was ending. He divorced Pauline and married reporter Martha Gellhorn. He had met Martha while they were working in Spain. They decided to live in Cuba, near the city of Havana. Their house looked out over the Caribbean Sea.
But this marriage did not last long. Hemingway was changing. He began to feel that whatever he said was right. Martha went on long trips to be away from him. He drank heavily to forget his loneliness.
When America entered World War Two, Hemingway went to Britain as a reporter. Later he took part in the invasion of Europe and the freeing of Paris. During the war Hemingway met another reporter, Mary Walsh. In nineteen forty-five, when his marriage to Martha was legally over, he married Mary. After the war, Hemingway began work on his last important book, "The Old Man and the Sea." It is the story of a Cuban fisherman who refuses to be defeated by nature. Hemingway said: "I was trying to show the experience of the fisherman so exactly and directly that it became part of the reader's experience." In nineteen fifty-four, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for literature. But he was too sick to take part in the ceremony. Ernest Hemingway was sixty years old, but he said he felt like he was eighty-six. And, even worse, he felt that he no longer was able to write. He seemed to be living the story about the writer who had sold his writing skill in order to make money.
In nineteen sixty-one Ernest Hemingway killed himself. Among the papers he left was one that described what he liked best: "To stay in places and to leave. . . to trust, to distrust. . . to no longer believe and believe again. . . to watch the changes in the seasons. . . to be out in boats. . . to watch the snow come, to watch it go. . . to hear the rain. . . and to know where I can find what I want."
重点解析
1.settle in 安顿下来；适应下来
I enjoyed school enormously once I'd settled in.
一旦适应了，我就非常喜欢上学了。
2.tension 紧张
Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve tension and stress.
微笑和大笑确实已证明能缓解紧张和压力。
3.ought to 应当
They ought to apologize.
他们应该道歉。
4.flee from 从……逃出来
A person forced to flee from home or country.
被迫从家乡或祖国逃走的人。
5.defeat 失败
The most important thing is not to admit defeat until you really have to.
最重要的事就是非到不得已不要认输。
6.abandon 遗弃
He claimed that his parents had abandoned him.
他声称他的父母抛弃了他。
参考译文
我是雪莉·格里菲斯。我是道格·约翰逊。这里是《美国人物志》，一个讲述美国历史上重要人物的栏目。今天我们将讲述欧内斯特·海明威故事的第二部分—他的生平和写作作品。25岁时，海明威生活在巴黎，是一位著名作家。但是第一次婚姻的终止让他想要离开这个初次成名的地方。多年后他说道：“这个城市再也回不到以前的样子。当我回到这里，我发现我和这里都变了。巴黎和我那时不一样了，那时的我穷却很快乐。”
1928年，海明威和他的新妻子回到美国。他们定居在基韦斯特一个位于佛罗里达南部海岸附近的渔港小岛。离开巴黎前，海明威将自己的故事集送至巴黎出版。这本故事集名为《没有女人的男人》，在海明威到达基韦斯特不今后就出版了。其中一篇故事是《The Killers》。在这篇故事中，海明威利用两个男人之间的讨论创造出了一种紧张和暴力即将来临的感觉。这是叙述故事的一种新方法。
尼克打开门走进房间。奥利·安德森正和衣躺在床上。他一直是一名重量级职业拳击手，床对于他来说不够长。他枕在两个枕头上，没看尼克一眼。
“这是怎么了？”他问。
“我在亨利那，”尼克说，“两个人进来，把我和厨师绑了起来，他们说他们要杀了你。”
他说这些的时候，听起来很傻。奥利·安德森什么都没说。
“他们把我们放在厨房，”尼克继续说。“他们要在你去吃晚餐的时候，射杀你。”
奥利·安德森看这墙面，什么也没说。
“乔治认为我应该过来告诉你。”
“我什么也不能做，”奥利·安德森说。
海明威的每一本新书对读者而言都是一件盛事。但是像《The Killers》这样的故事让很多人震惊。一些人认为他的故事中含有太多的暴力，其他人说他只写关于枪手、士兵、打手以及酒徒的故事。这样的批判让海明威很生气。他觉得作者不应该被那些不会写故事的人评头论足。海明威在基韦斯特过得很快乐。他早上写作，中午钓鱼，晚上去酒吧喝酒。一位老渔夫说：“海明威说话很慢很小心。他会问很多问题。并且他总是想要确定的信息。”海明威和他的妻子波林在基韦斯特生了一个孩子。不久之后，他就听说了自己父亲自杀的消息。海明威很震惊。他说：“我的父亲教了我很多。他是唯一一个我真正关心的人。”
当海明威继续写作时，他的故事中总含有一种之前没有的悲伤。他的新书讲述了一战期间，一个美国士兵在意大利军队服役的故事。他和一位英国护士相遇并相爱。他们逃离军队，但是护士在生产时去世。一些故事改编自海明威在意大利服役时期的事。这本书是《永别了武器》。这本书中一部分是讲述意军在一个叫做卡波雷托的地方战败的故事。
“中午时分，我们的车子陷在一条泥泞的道路上，再也开不动了。那地方据我们猜想，离开乌迪内约莫有十公里。上午雨停了，我们三次听见飞机飞近来，看着飞机越过头上，飞到左边遥远的地方，我们听见轰炸公路的声响。后来，我们走上一条通到河边的道路。路上一直到桥边为止，有一长列被遗弃的卡车和运货马车。一个人影也没有。河水高涨，桥的中部已炸断；桥上的石拱掉在河里，褐色的河水就在上边流过。我们沿着河岸走，找个可以渡河的地点...我们看不到任何军队，只有遗弃下来的卡车和辎重。河岸上除了湿的枝条和泥泞的土地外，什么东西都没有。”
《永别了武器》取得了巨大的成功，为海明威赚得了一大笔钱，他可以去旅游了。他去过的地方之一是西班牙，一个他热爱的国家。他说：“我想用语言描述西班牙的风景、声音和味道。如果我可以真实地写下，那么这就代表西班牙的全部。”一本名为《午后之死》书正是其成果。书中描述了西班牙传统的斗牛竞赛。海明威认为斗牛竞赛是一门艺术，就像是写作是一门艺术一样。并且他认为斗牛是对人类勇敢的测验。海明威还去了非洲。他一直被要求写一系列关于非洲狩猎的报告。他说：“在非洲狩猎是我喜欢的一种狩猎。不坐车，只是徒步，感受脚下的草。非洲之旅的结果是一本名为《非洲的青山》的书以及一些故事。其中一篇是海明威最好的故事之一。他说当一名作家知道怎么最好的展开故事时，他应该把这些故事存起来。这个故事是《乞力马扎罗的雪》，故事讲述了海明威对自己的恐惧。是关于一名为了钱被判自己的艺术的作家，一位无法对自己真实的作家。
1936年，西班牙内战给了海明威一次返回西班牙再次测试自己的勇气的机会。他同意为一家美国新闻机构写关于战争的文章。这是一份危险的工作。一天，海明威和另外两名记者在战区附近驱车。车上带有两个白旗。但是反叛枪手认为这辆车里坐的是敌军官员。海明威差点没命。他说：“炮弹是一样的。如果炮弹没有击中你，就没有故事可写，如果击中你，那么你就不必写了。西班牙之行产生了两部作品，一部戏剧《第五纵队》以及一部小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》。这本小说讲述了选择与法西斯对抗的美国人。他意识到他这一边是谎言和不公平。但是除了这一边的胜利别无他望。对抗期间，他摆脱了对死亡和孤独的恐惧。他发现“他可以把生活过的充实，七十个小时就像度过七十年那样。”这本书非常成功。海明威享受出名的感觉。他的第二次婚姻也终止了。他和波林离婚，和记者玛莎·盖尔霍恩结婚。他们是在西班牙工作时认识的。他们决定搬到古巴，哈瓦那附近。他们的房子面朝加勒比海。但这一次的婚姻也没维持多久。海明威变了。他开始认为自己的说的都是对的。
玛莎离开了他。他酗酒以此遗忘自己的孤独。美国加入二战时，海明威来到英国成了一名记者。之后他参加了入侵欧洲和解放巴黎。战争期间，海明威遇见了另一名记者丽·沃什。1945年，当他和玛莎离婚时，他和玛丽结婚了。战争后，海明威开始了完成他最重要的一本书《老人与海》。这是一本讲述一位古巴渔夫拒绝被自然击败的书。海明威说：“我试着直接展示渔民的经历，让它成为读者经历中的一部分。”
1954年，海明威获得诺贝尔文学家。但是他重病无法到场。欧内斯特·海明威那时60岁，但他说感觉自己像是86岁一样，更糟糕的是，他觉得自己无法再写作了。他似乎活在故事里，故事中的作家为了挣钱而出卖自己的写作技巧。1961年，欧内斯特·海明威自杀了。在他留下的所有作品中，有一段话最能描述他的生平：“留下，离开...信任，怀疑...不在相信和再次相信...看四季变化...看船来船往....看雪花飘落...倾听雨声...知道在哪里能找到自己的寄望。”
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